Air pollution levels in cities vary greatly around the world, though they are typically higher in developing regions.
In 2023, the cities of Jakarta and Mumbai had both average PM2.5 concentrations of 43.8 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m³). By comparison, PM2.5 levels in Los Angeles and London were less than 10 μg/m³. Nevertheless, pollution levels in these four major cities are all higher than the World Health Organization's healthy limit, which are set at an annual average of less than five μg/m³. There are many sources of air pollution, such as energy production, transportation, and agricultural activities.
Average PM2.5 concentrations in selected major cities worldwide in 2023
(in micrograms per cubic meter of air)
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IQAir. (March 19, 2024). Average PM2.5 concentrations in selected major cities worldwide in 2023 (in micrograms per cubic meter of air) [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved November 17, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1383851/air-pollution-in-major-cities-worldwide/
IQAir. "Average PM2.5 concentrations in selected major cities worldwide in 2023 (in micrograms per cubic meter of air)." Chart. March 19, 2024. Statista. Accessed November 17, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1383851/air-pollution-in-major-cities-worldwide/
IQAir. (2024). Average PM2.5 concentrations in selected major cities worldwide in 2023 (in micrograms per cubic meter of air). Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: November 17, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1383851/air-pollution-in-major-cities-worldwide/
IQAir. "Average Pm2.5 Concentrations in Selected Major Cities Worldwide in 2023 (in Micrograms per Cubic Meter of Air)." Statista, Statista Inc., 19 Mar 2024, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1383851/air-pollution-in-major-cities-worldwide/
IQAir, Average PM2.5 concentrations in selected major cities worldwide in 2023 (in micrograms per cubic meter of air) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1383851/air-pollution-in-major-cities-worldwide/ (last visited November 17, 2024)
Average PM2.5 concentrations in selected major cities worldwide in 2023 (in micrograms per cubic meter of air) [Graph], IQAir, March 19, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1383851/air-pollution-in-major-cities-worldwide/
